Publications

@conference{Meier2010,

title = {ZeroCal: Automatic MAC Protocol Calibration},

author = {Andreas Meier and Matthias Wöhrle and Marco Zimmerling and Lothar Thiele},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-06-21},

urldate = {2010-06-21},

booktitle = {Proceedings of the 6th IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems (DCOSS)},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Zimmerling2008b,

title = {Localized Power-Aware Routing in Linear Wireless Sensor Networks},

author = {Marco Zimmerling and Waltenegus Dargie and Jonathan M. Reason},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/1367943.1367946},

isbn = {978-1-60558-010-4},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-05-19},

urldate = {2008-05-19},

booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd ACM International Workshop on Context-Awareness for Self-Managing Systems (CASEMANS—co-located with Pervasive)},

pages = {24-33},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Zimmerling2008,

title = {An Energy-Efficient Routing Protocol for Linear Wireless Sensor Networks},

author = {Marco Zimmerling},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-01-01},

urldate = {2008-01-01},

booktitle = {Proceedings of the GI Informatiktage},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Zimmerling2007,

title = {Energy-Efficient Routing in Linear Wireless Sensor Networks},

author = {Marco Zimmerling and Waltenegus Dargie and Jonathan M. Reason},

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-10-08},

urldate = {2007-10-08},

booktitle = {Proceedings of the 4th IEEE International Conference on Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor Systems (MASS)},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Dargie2007,

title = {Wireless Sensor Networks in the Context of Developing Countries},

author = {Waltenegus Dargie and Marco Zimmerling},

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-08-01},

booktitle = {Proceedings of the 3rd IFIP World Information Technology Forum (WITFOR)},

abstract = {Wireless sensor networks are a network of small sensing devices which collaborate with each other to gather , process and communicate over wireless channel information about some physical phenomena. These self-organising, hig ly robust and energy efficient networks can be excellent sentin els for monitoring underground mining, wildlife and various ph ysical infrastructures such as bridges, pipelines, and buildings . This paper introduces wireless sensor networks, identifies spec ifi application domains and investigates their scope and usefu lness in the context of developing countries.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@diplomathesis{Zimmerling2009b,

title = {Automatic Parameter Optimization of Sensor Network MAC Protocols},

author = {Marco Zimmerling},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-08-01},

abstract = {Wireless sensor networks are concerned with resource and performance constraints. In the light of these constraints, sensor network protocols must operate efficiently and effectively at all times. This applies in particular to the medium access control (MAC) protocol, which dictates to a large extent the energy consumption of a sensor node by controlling the use of the radio transceiver. Moreover, it determines the timing of communication among neighboring nodes and thus per-hop latency and per-hop reliability. To achieve the best possible performance, the MAC protocol must be configured

with appropriate parameters and automatically adapted to changes in network conditions and application requirements.

This thesis presents a novel system for automatic optimization and adaptation of sensor network MAC protocols. It adapts the protocol parameters at runtime to ensure optimal performance and compliance with the application requirements. The optimization approach is based on constraint programming and optimizes multiple objectives simultaneously. The approach is applied in a case study to X-MAC [9], a flexible and widely used MAC protocol for sensor networks. Experimental results obtained from a small-scale network of real sensor nodes show that the proposed

system keeps MAC protocol performance close to the optimum under varying network conditions and different application requirements.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {diplomathesis}

}

@inbook{Zimmerling2009,

title = {Energieeffizientes Routing in linearen Sensornetzwerken},

author = {Marco Zimmerling},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00287-008-0266-9},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-08-09},

urldate = {2008-08-09},

booktitle = {Informatik-Spektrum},

volume = {32},

number = {5},

pages = {410-415},

publisher = {Springer},

abstract = {Der effektive Einsatz von Sensornetzwerken setzt eine besonders hohe Lebensdauer der batteriebetriebenen Sensormodule voraus. In der Vergangenheit wurden deshalb zahlreiche energieeffiziente Routingprotokolle für Sensornetze entwickelt. Die überwiegende Mehrheit dieser Protokolle geht dabei von einer maschenartigen Netzwerktopologie aus. Für bestimmte Anwendungen hingegen, wie beispielsweise der sensorbasierten Betriebsüberwachung von Ölpipelines, ist eine lineare Anordnung der Sensormodule inhärent. Aus diesem Grund stellt der vorliegenden Artikel das ,,Minimum Energy Relay Routing“ (MERR)-Protokoll vor, ein speziell für lineare Sensornetzwerke entwickeltes Routingprotokoll. Es werden konventionelle Routingstrategien besprochen und der Aufbau von Routingpfaden charakterisiert, entlang derer die aufzuwendende Energie minimal ist. Die Ergebnisse von stochastischen Untersuchungen und Simulation zeigen, dass MERR für praktisch relevante Sensoranordnungen nahe am Optimum arbeitet und im Vergleich zu existierenden Ansätzen erhebliche Energieeinsparungen erzielt. },

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inbook}

}

@inproceedings{Mager2017,

title = {One for All, All for One: Toward Efficient Many-to-Many Broadcast in Dynamic Wireless Networks},

author = {Fabian Mager and Carsten Herrmann and Marco Zimmerling},

doi = {10.1145/3127882.3127884},

isbn = {9781450351409},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

urldate = {2017-01-01},

booktitle = {Proceedings of the 4th ACM Workshop on Hot Topics in Wireless},

pages = {19–23},

publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},

address = {Snowbird, Utah, USA},

series = {HotWireless '17},

abstract = {Many applications such as autonomous swarming drones and system services like data replication need to exchange data among many or all nodes in a network. However, wireless many-to-many broadcast has thus far only been studied theoretically or in simulation, and practical solutions hardly meet the requirements of emerging applications, especially in terms of latency. This paper presents Mixer, a communication primitive that provides fast and reliable many-to-many broadcast in dynamic wireless multi-hop networks. Mixer integrates random linear network coding with synchronous transmissions to simultaneously disseminate all messages in the network. To deliver the performance gains our approach enables, we design Mixer's protocol logic in response to the physical-layer characteristics and the theory of network coding. First results from testbed experiments demonstrate that, compared with the state of the art, Mixer is up to 65% faster and reduces radio-on time by up to 50%, while providing a message delivery rate above 99.9%.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@phdthesis{magerDiss,

title = {Design and Real-World Evaluation of Dependable Wireless Cyber-Physical Systems},

author = {Fabian Mager},

url = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa2-867644

https://nes-lab.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/dissertation_fabianMager.pdf},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-06-30},

urldate = {2023-06-30},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {phdthesis}

}

@phdthesis{Geissdoerfer2022-2,

title = {Methods and Tools for Battery-free Wireless Networks},

author = {Kai Geissdoerfer},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-07-05},

urldate = {2022-07-05},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {phdthesis}

}

@phdthesis{Zimmerling2015,

title = {End-to-End Predictability and Efficiency in Low-Power Wireless Networks},

author = {Marco Zimmerling},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-10-01},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {phdthesis}

}

@misc{Geissdoerfer2024b,

title = {Demo: Battery-free TinyML Made Easy with Riotee},

author = {Kai Geissdoerfer and Marco Zimmerling},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3666025.3699419},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-11-04},

urldate = {2024-11-04},

booktitle = { Proceedings of the 22nd ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys)},

howpublished = { Proceedings of the 22nd ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys)},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {presentation}

}

@misc{Granzow2024poster,

title = {Poster: Leveraging Apple’s Find My Network for Large-Scale Distributed Sensing},

author = {Max Granzow and Alexander Heinrich and Matthias Hollick and Marco Zimmerling},

doi = {10.1145/3643832.3661412},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-06-04},

urldate = {2024-06-04},

abstract = {Find My is a crowd-sourced network of hundreds of millions of Apple devices that use Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) to detect and track the location of items.

We explore the limits and opportunities of using this proprietary network for large-scale distributed sensing.

The key idea is to let low-cost sensing devices emit specially crafted BLE advertisements that trick nearby Apple devices into generating location reports that carry arbitrary sensor data, which can then be retrieved from the Apple servers.

This paper reports on our ongoing work to reverse engineer the Find My system and to design a protocol for the efficient and reliable collection of data from sensing devices via the Find My network.

Preliminary results from real-world experiments demonstrate the feasibility of our approach and a several-fold performance improvement compared with the state of the art. },

howpublished = {Proceedings of the 22nd Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications and Services (MobiSys)},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {presentation}

}

@misc{Geissdoerfer2023,

title = {Demo Abstract: Building Battery-free Devices with Riotee},

author = {Kai Geissdoerfer and Ingmar Splitt and Marco Zimmerling},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3583120.3589808},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-05-09},

urldate = {2023-05-09},

abstract = {Battery-free devices eliminate the need for batteries, which are expensive, environmentally harmful, and require frequent replacement, thus reducing waste and making devices more cost-effective. We introduce Riotee, the next-generation platform for the battery-free Internet of Things. The platform comprises a base module, a debug probe that allows to conveniently update the firmware on the base module, and a number of expansion boards that extend the capabilities of the platform without the need to design a custom printed circuit board (PCB). We provide a brief overview of Riotee, and describe a demo setup that showcases the key functionality and how to get started with the platform in less than three minutes.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {presentation}

}

@misc{Herrmann2022b,

title = {Demo: Exploring Concurrent Transmissions with RSSISpy and TrafficBench},

author = {Carsten Herrmann and Marco Zimmerling},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-10-03},

urldate = {2022-10-03},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {presentation}

}

@misc{Geissdoerfer_2020a,

title = {Demo Abstract: Bootstrapping Batteryless Networks Using Fluorescent Light Properties},

author = {Kai Geissdoerfer and Friedrich Schmidt and Brano Kusy and Marco Zimmerling},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/IPSN48710.2020.000-8},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-04-21},

urldate = {2020-04-21},

booktitle = {Proceedings of the 19th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN)},

abstract = {Communication among batteryless devices is key to their success in replacing traditional battery-supported systems. However, low and unpredictable availability of ambient energy combined with limited energy storage capacity of the devices make efficient communication challenging. As a stepping stone toward addressing this challenge, we propose to leverage common patterns in harvested energy across the devices. In this abstract, we explore one possible approach that exploits a property of many fluorescent light sources used worldwide: their brightness changes with double the power line frequency. We design a circuit that transforms the corresponding changes in energy harvested with a solar panel into a digital signal that is frequency- and phase-synchronized across multiple devices. Based on our design, we build a novel batteryless node, called Flync. Using two Flync nodes, we demonstrate that the synchronized signal can be generated with less than 1 µA and a maximum measured node to node jitter of 363.24 µs.},

howpublished = {19th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN)},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {presentation}

}

@misc{Geissdoerfer2019b,

title = {Demo Abstract: Detailed Recording and Emulation of Spatio-temporal Energy Environments with Shepherd},

author = {Kai Geissdoerfer and Mikolaj Chwalisz and Marco Zimmerling},

url = {http://localhost:8081/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/geissdoerfer19shepherd2.pdf, Paper},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3356250.3361945},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-11-13},

urldate = {2019-11-13},

address = {New York (NY, USA)},

organization = { In Proceedings of the 17th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys)},

abstract = {Collaboration of batteryless nodes is essential to their success inreplacing traditional battery-based systems. This abstract describesa demonstration of the recently proposedShepherdtestbed thatallows to record and reproduce spatio-temporal characteristics ofreal energy environments. It consists of a number of spatially dis-tributedShepherdnodes that are tightly time-synchronized witheach other and record synchronized energy traces with a resolutionof3μAand50μVat a rate of100 kHz. Additionally,Shepherdcanfaithfully replay these traces to any number of nodes to study theirbehavior, both individually and as an ensemble.Shepherdworkswith various sources of energy harvesting, such as kinetic or solar,is based on a modular design and provides a generic interface forsensor nodes allowing users to experiment with new platforms.},

howpublished = {Proceedings of the 17th Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {presentation}

}

@misc{8732569,

title = {Demo Abstract: Fast Feedback Control and Coordination with Mode Changes for Wireless Cyber-Physical Systems},

author = {Fabian Mager and Dominik Baumann and Romain Jacob and Lothar Thiele and Sebastian Trimpe and Marco Zimmerling},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3302506.3312483},

issn = {978-1-4503-6284-9},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-04-01},

urldate = {2019-04-01},

booktitle = {2019 18th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN)},

pages = {340-341},

howpublished = {Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN)},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {presentation}

}

@misc{mager19,

title = {Competition: Low-Power Wireless Bus Baseline},

author = {Fabian Mager and Romain Jacob and Reto Da Forno and Marco Zimmerling},

isbn = {9780994988638},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

urldate = {2019-01-01},

booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference on Embedded Wireless Systems and Networks},

pages = {292–293},

publisher = {Junction Publishing},

address = {Beijing, China},

series = {EWSN ’19},

howpublished = {Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference on Embedded Wireless Systems and Networks (EWSN)},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {presentation}

}

@misc{Geissdoerfer2018,

title = {Long-term Energy-neutral Operation of Solar Energy-harvesting Sensor Nodes under Time-varying Utility},

author = {Kai Geissdoerfer and Raja Jurdak and Brano Kusy},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-04-11},

urldate = {2018-04-11},

booktitle = {Proceedings of the 17th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN)},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {presentation}

}

@misc{8480065,

title = {Poster Abstract: Toward Fast Closed-Loop Control over Multi-Hop Low-Power Wireless Networks},

author = {Fabian Mager and Dominik Baumann and Sebastian Trimpe and Marco Zimmerling},

doi = {10.1109/IPSN.2018.00042},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-04-01},

urldate = {2018-04-01},

booktitle = {2018 17th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN)},

pages = {158-159},

abstract = {We sketch our ongoing work toward the first design, implementation, and evaluation of a low-power embedded system providing reliable wireless feedback control of several distributed processes over multiple hops with update rates of 10 Hz or higher.},

howpublished = {17th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN)},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {presentation}

}

@misc{Jacob2017,

title = {Poster: Stalwart – a Predictable Reliable Adaptive and Low-latency Real-time Wireless Protocol},

author = {Romain Jacob and Licong Zhang and Marco Zimmerling and Jan Beutel and Samarjit Chakraborty and Lothar Thiele},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3131672.3136969},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-11-06},

abstract = {This paper introduces Stalwart, a novel system design for wireless Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) including a scheduling framework that provides real-time guarantees, minimizes end-to-end latency between application tasks, minimizes communication energy, and ensures safety in terms of conflict-free communication.},

howpublished = {Proceedings of the 15th ACM Conference on Embedded Network Sensor Systems (SenSys)},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {presentation}

}

@misc{10.5555/3108009.3108057,

title = {Demo: Cross-Technology Communication between BLE and Wi-Fi Using Commodity Hardware},

author = {Alex Bereza and Ulf Wetzker and Carsten Herrmann and Carlo Alberto Boano and Marco Zimmerling},

isbn = {9780994988614},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

urldate = {2017-01-01},

booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2017 International Conference on Embedded Wireless Systems and Networks},

pages = {234–235},

publisher = {Junction Publishing},

address = {Uppsala, Sweden},

series = {EWSN ’17},

abstract = {In this demonstration, we present a prototype of a cross-technology communication (CTC) system that allows a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) device to directly send data to a Wi-Fi device using commodity hardware. Towards this goal, we use energy burst patterns to encode information on overlapping channel frequencies. With this demonstration, we prove the feasibility of our holistic CTC approach for popular wireless technologies in the 2.4 GHz ISM band based on off-the-shelf hardware and open-source software.},

howpublished = {Proceedings of the 2017 International Conference on Embedded Wireless Systems and Networks (EWSN)},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {presentation}

}

@misc{Duquenny2016,

title = {Poster Abstract: A Benchmark for Low-power Wireless Networking},

author = {Simon Duquennoy and Olaf Landsiedel and Carlo Alberto Boano and Marco Zimmerling and Jan Beutel and Mun Choon Chan and Omprakash Gnawali and Mobashir Mohammad and Luca Mottola and Lothar Thiele and Xavier Vilajosana and Thiemo Voigt and Thomas Watteyne},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2994551.2996692},

isbn = {978-1-4503-4263-6},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-11-14},

abstract = {Experimental research in low-power wireless networking lacks a reference benchmark. While other communities such as databases or machine learning have standardized benchmarks, our community still uses ad-hoc setups for its experiments and struggles to provide a fair comparison between communication protocols. Reasons for this include the diversity of network scenarios and the stochastic nature of wireless experiments. Leveraging on the excellent testbeds and tools that have been built to support experimental validation, we make the case for a reference benchmark to promote a fair comparison and reproducibility of results. This abstract describes early design elements and a benchmarking methodology with the goal to gather feedback from the community rather than propose a definite solution.},

howpublished = {Proceedings of the 14th ACM Conference on Embedded Network Sensor Systems CD-ROM (SenSys)},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {presentation}

}

@misc{Mager2016AlltoallCI,

title = {Poster Abstract: All-to-all Communication in Multi-hop Wireless Networks with Mixer},

author = {Fabian Mager and Johannes Neumann and Carsten Herrmann and Marco Zimmerling and Frank H P Fitzek},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2994551.2996706},

isbn = {978-1-4503-4263-6},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-11-01},

urldate = {2016-01-01},

booktitle = {SenSys '16},

abstract = {Cyber-physical systems (CPS) use distributed feedback loops to control physical processes. Designing practical distributed CPS controllers often benefits from a logically centralized approach, where each node computes the control law locally based on global knowledge of the system state. We present Mixer, an all-to-all communication scheme that enables all nodes in a multi-hop low-power wireless network to exchange sizable packets with one another. Mixer's design integrates synchronous transmissions with random linear network coding, harnessing the broadcast nature of the wireless medium. Results from testbed experiments with an early Mixer prototype show that our design reduces latency by 1.1-2.6× for 16-96-byte packets compared with the state of the art, while providing a reliability above 99.9% in most settings we test.},

howpublished = {Proceedings of the 14th ACM Conference on Embedded Network Sensor Systems CD-ROM (SenSys)},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {presentation}

}

@misc{Sutton2015b,

title = {Demo: Building Reliable Wireless Embedded Platforms using the Bolt Processor Interconnect},

author = {Felix Sutton and Marco Zimmerling and Reto Da Forno and Roman Lim and Tonio Gsell and Georgia Giannopoulou and Federico Ferrari and Jan Beutel and Lothar Thiele},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2809695.2817854},

isbn = {978-1-4503-3631-4},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-11-01},

abstract = {We demonstrate the capabilities of Bolt, an ultra-low-power processor interconnect for the composable construction of new multi-processor wireless embedded platforms. Bolt provides asynchronous bidirectional communication between two processors with predictable message transfer times. In this way, Bolt solves the resource interference problem inherent in today's wireless embedded platforms, enabling simpler and more robust system designs with minimal resource overhead. Using our Bolt prototype implemented on a state-of-the-art microcontroller, we demonstrate Bolt's composability and decoupling in time, power, and clock domains.},

howpublished = {Proceedings of the 13th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys)},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {presentation}

}

@misc{Sutton2015bb,

title = {Poster Abstract: Predictable Wireless Embedded Platforms},

author = {Felix Sutton and Reto Da Forno and Marco Zimmerling and Roman Lim and Tonio Gsell and Federico Ferrari and Jan Beutel and Lothar Thiele},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2737095.2737156},

isbn = {978-1-4503-3475-4},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-04-13},

abstract = {Resource interference is a fundamental barrier to realizing predictable wireless embedded systems. We address this problem by (i) partitioning application and communication tasks onto dedicated platforms, and (ii) designing a platform interconnect to facilitate asynchronous message exchange with predictable run-time behavior. We motivate the need for this platform interconnect, termed Bolt, and describe a prototype implementation. Evaluation results indicate that the developed platform interconnect exhibits tightly bounded run-time execution with low jitter, and a negligible resource overhead with respect to state-of-the-art application and communication platforms.},

howpublished = {Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN)},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {presentation}

}

@misc{Oppermann2014,

title = {Poster Abstract: Automatic Configuration of Controlled Interference Experiments in Sensornet Testbeds},

author = {Felix Jonathan Oppermann and Carlo Alberto Boano and Marco Zimmerling and Kay Roemer},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2668332.2668355},

isbn = {978-1-4503-3143-2},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-11-03},

urldate = {2014-11-03},

abstract = {Experiments under controlled radio interference are crucial to assess the robustness of low-power wireless protocols. While tools such as JamLab augment existing sensornet testbeds with realistic interference, it remains an error-prone and time-consuming task to manually select the set of nodes acting as jammers and their individual transmit powers. We present an automated configuration approach based on simulated annealing to overcome this problem. A preliminary evaluation based on two testbeds shows that our approach can find near-optimal solutions within at most a few hours. We believe our approach can facilitate the widespread adoption of controlled interference experiments by the sensornet community.},

howpublished = {Proceedings of the 12th ACM Conference on Embedded Network Sensor Systems (SenSys)},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {presentation}

}

@misc{Sutton2014,

title = {Demonstration Abstract: Automatic Speech Recognition for Resource-Constrained Embedded Systems},

author = {Felix Sutton and Reto Da Forno and Roman Lim and Marco Zimmerling and Lothar Thiele},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/IPSN.2014.6846784},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-04-15},

abstract = {We demonstrate the design and implementation of a prototype hardware/software architecture for automatic single word speech recognition on resource-constrained embedded de vices. Designed as a voice-activated extension of an existing wireless nurse call system, our prototype device continually listens for a pre-recorded keyword, and uses speech recognition techniques to trigger an alert upon detecting a match. Preliminary experiments show that our prototype achieves a high average detection rate of 96%, while only dissipating 28.5 mW for continuous audio sampling and duty-cycled speech recognition.},

howpublished = {Proceedings of the 13th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN)},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {presentation}

}

@misc{Zimmerling2013b,

title = {Poster Abstract: Synchronous Transmissions Enable Simple Yet Accurate Protocol Modeling},

author = {Marco Zimmerling and Federico Ferrari and Luca Mottola and Lothar Thiele},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2517351.2517419},

isbn = {978-1-4503-2027-6},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-11-11},

abstract = {Traditional low-power wireless protocols maintain distributed network state to cope with link dynamics. Modeling the protocol operation as a function of network state is difficult as the state is frequently updated in an uncoordinated fashion. Recent protocols use synchronous transmissions (ST): multiple nodes send simultaneously towards the same receiver, as opposed to pairwise link-based transmissions (LT). ST enable efficient multi-hop protocols with little network state.

We studied whether ST in Glossy enable simple yet accurate protocol modeling [10]. Based on extensive testbed experiments and statistical analyses, we found that: (i) unlike LT, packet receptions and losses with ST largely adhere to a sequence of independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) Bernoulli trials; (ii) this property greatly simplifies accurately modeling ST-based protocols, as we demonstrated by obtaining model errors below 0.25% in energy for the Glossy-based Low-Power Wireless Bus (LWB).},

howpublished = {Proceedings of the 11th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys)},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {presentation}

}

@misc{Zimmerling2013c,

title = {Poster Abstract: A Reliable Wireless Nurse Call System: Overview and Pilot Results from a Summer Camp for Teenagers with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy},

author = {Marco Zimmerling and Federico Ferrari and Roman Lim and Olga Saukh and Felix Sutton and Reto Da Forno and Remo S. Schmidt and Marc Andre Wyss},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2517351.2517405},

isbn = {978-1-4503-2027-6},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-11-11},

abstract = {We present the design of a reliable nurse call system based on wireless embedded devices and multi-hop protocols. Our work is motivated by the need for such system during annual summer camps for people with muscular dystrophy and the lack of suitable alternative solutions. We describe how our prototype meets the reliability and real-time requirements of such system, and report on results from a two-week deployment during a camp with 13 affected boys in July 2013.},

howpublished = {Proceedings of the 11th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys)},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {presentation}

}

@misc{Landsiedel2012,

title = {Poster Abstract: Capture Effect Based Communication Primitives},

author = {Olaf Landsiedel and Federico Ferrari and Marco Zimmerling},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2426656.2426698},

isbn = {978-1-4503-1169-4},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-11-06},

urldate = {2012-11-06},

abstract = {Wireless control systems consist of sensing and actuating devices that are commonly driven by a central controller. Wireless communication protocols for Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) match this design by employing a "sense → collect → process → disseminate → actuate" flow [6], where typically different protocols are employed for collecting sensor data and disseminating actuation signals.},

howpublished = {Proceedings of the 10th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys)},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {presentation}

}

@misc{Lim2012,

title = {Demo Abstract: Distributed and Synchronized Measurements with FLOCKLAB},

author = {Roman Lim and Christoph Walser and Federico Ferrari and Marco Zimmerling and Jan Beutel},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2426656.2426715},

isbn = {978-1-4503-1169-4},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-11-06},

urldate = {2012-11-06},

abstract = {Developing, testing, debugging, and evaluating communication protocols for low-power wireless networks is a long and cumbersome task. Simulators can be helpful in the early stages of development, but their models of hardware components and the wireless channel are often rather simplistic and hence cannot substitute experiments on real sensor node platforms. The resources available on common platforms are however very limited, and so are the possibilities for non-intrusive debugging and testing. With most existing testbeds it is only possible to collect information from the serial port, which requires adding highly intrusive logging statements that alter the timing behavior of the software running on the nodes. This is particularly detrimental to the operation of time-critical components, such as radio drivers, media access control (MAC) protocols, and certain flooding protocols [2], hindering their testbed-assisted development.},

howpublished = {Proceedings of the 10th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys)},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {presentation}

}

@misc{Ferrari2012c,

title = {Poster Abstract: The Low-Power Wireless Bus: Simplicity is (Again) the Soul of Efficiency},

author = {Federico Ferrari and Marco Zimmerling and Lothar Thiele and Luca Mottola},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2185677.2185693},

isbn = {978-1-4503-1227-1},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-04-16},

abstract = {We present the low-power wireless bus (LWB), a simple yet efficient communication support for low-power wireless networks. The LWB maps different communication demands onto fast Glossy network flooding, effectively turning the wireless network into a bus-like infrastructure. The LWB requires no information of the network topology, thus drastically reducing the control overhead of common solutions such as route maintenance, and natively supports many-to-many communication and mobile nodes in addition to more traditional static, one-to-many scenarios. For instance, experiments on a 90-node testbed show that on average the LWB reduces packet loss by a factor of 231 and energy consumption due to communication by a factor of 11 compared to a state-of-the-art many-to-many routing protocol.},

howpublished = {Proceedings of the 11th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN)},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {presentation}

}

@misc{Hasenfratz2010,

title = {Poster Abstract: If You Have Time, Save Energy with Pull},

author = {David Hasenfratz and Andreas Meier and Matthias Wöhrle and Marco Zimmerling and Lothar Thiele},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/1869983.1870055},

isbn = {978-1-4503-0344-6},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-11-03},

urldate = {2010-11-03},

abstract = {We analyze push and pull for data collection in wireless sensor networks. Most applications to date use the traditional push approach, where nodes transmit sensed data immediately to the sink. Using a pull approach, nodes store the data in their local flash memory, and only engage in communication during dedicated collection phases. We show how one can transform an existing push-based collection protocol into a pull-based one, and compare the power consumption of both approaches on a 35-node testbed. Our results show that substantial energy gains are possible with pull, provided that the application can tolerate a long latency.},

howpublished = {Proceedings of the 8th ACM Conference on Em- bedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys)},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {presentation}

}

@misc{Zimmerling2010,

title = {Poster Abstract: Exploiting Protocol Models for Generating Feasible Communication Stack Configurations},

author = {Marco Zimmerling and Federico Ferrari and Matthias Wöhrle and Lothar Thiele},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/1791212.1791264},

isbn = {978-1-60558-988-6},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-04-12},

urldate = {2010-04-12},

abstract = {Communication stacks are composed of distinct layers that, in principle, operate independently and interact through well-defined interfaces. However, resource constraints in sensor networks typically necessitate optimizations, leading to implicit assumptions and dependencies among layers (e.g., a collection protocol assumes the MAC protocol provides sufficient bandwidth). These dependencies are often tracked manually, yet become extremely complex as protocols evolve and requirements change. We propose to model assumptions and dependencies explicitly, as constraints on protocol parameters. This allows for using standard tools to generate feasible protocol configurations. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach using the example of FTSP running on top of a low-power listening MAC protocol.},

howpublished = {Proceedings of the 9th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN)},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {presentation}

}

@techreport{Geissdoerfer2024c,

title = {Riotee: An Open-source Hardware and Software Platform for the Battery-free Internet of Things},

author = {Kai Geissdoerfer and Marco Zimmerling},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-10-21},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{Biri2023,

title = {Hydra - Companion document},

author = {Andreas Biri and Reto Da Forno and Tobias Kuonen and Fabian Mager and Marco Zimmerling and Lothar Thiele},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000602742},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-03-06},

urldate = {2023-03-06},

howpublished = {ETH Research Collection},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{Jacob2018b,

title = {TTW: A Time-Triggered-Wireless Design for CPS [Extended Version]},

author = {Romain Jacob and Licong Zhang and Marco Zimmerling and Jan Beutel and Samarjit Chakraborty and Lothar Thiele},

doi = {https://www.research-collection.ethz.ch/handle/20.500.11850/217162},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-03-01},

urldate = {2018-03-01},

abstract = {Wired field buses have proved their effectiveness to support Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). However, in avionics, for ease of deployment, or for new functionality featuring mobile devices, there is a strong interest for wireless solutions. Low-power wireless protocols have been proposed, but requirements of a large class of CPS applications can still not be satisfied. This paper presents Time-Triggered-Wireless (TTW), a distributed low-power wireless system design that minimizes energy consumption and offers end-to-end timing predictability, adaptability, reliability, low latency. Our evaluation shows a reduction of communication latency by a factor 2x and of energy consumption by 33-40% compared to state-of-the-art approaches. This validates the suitability of TTW for wireless CPS applications and opens the way for implementation and real-world experience with industry partners.},

howpublished = {arXiv},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{Zimmerling2016,

title = {Adaptive Real-Time Communication for Wireless Cyber-Physical Systems [Extended]},

author = {Marco Zimmerling and Pratyush Kumar and Luca Mottola and Federico Ferrari and Lothar Thiele},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-02-01},

howpublished = {TIK Report 356},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{Zimmerling2012b,

title = {pTunes: Runtime Parameter Adaptation for Low-Power MAC Protocols [Extended]},

author = {Marco Zimmerling and Federico Ferrari and Luca Mottola and Thiemo Voigt and Lothar Thiele},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-04-01},

urldate = {2012-04-01},

howpublished = {TIK Report 325},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{Ferrari2010,

title = {Accuracy and Duty-Cycle of FTSP on a LPL-MAC},

author = {Federico Ferrari and Marco Zimmerling and Lothar Thiele},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-02-16},

abstract = {Synchronization accuracy and energy efficiency are two of the most important requirements of a synchronization protocol for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Typically, synchronization protocols for WSNs like FTSP rely on periodic message exchange in order to achieve a sufficient level of accuracy. A higher accuracy therefore comes at the expense of an increased energy consumption. In this paper, we introduce an analytic framework aimed at analyzing how accuracy and energy consumption are affected by the synchronization period and the radio duty cycle, using the example of FTSP running on top of a low-power listening (LPL) MAC protocol. The model exposes the hidden dependencies between protocol parameters and application requirements, which allows for using standard tools to generate feasible as well as optimal protocol configurations.},

howpublished = {TIK Report 319},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@workshop{Sandhu2020a,

title = {Towards Optimal Kinetic Energy Harvesting for the Batteryless IoT},

author = {Muhammad Moid Sandhu and Kai Geissdoerfer and Sara Khalifa and Raja Jurdak and Marius Portmann and Brano Kusy},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-03-23},

urldate = {2020-03-23},

booktitle = {Proceedings of the 18th IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops (PerCom Workshops)},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {workshop}

}

@workshop{Jacob2019,

title = {Towards a Methodology for Experimental Evaluation in Low-Power Wireless Networking},

author = {Romain Jacob and Carlo Alberto Boano and Usman Raza and Marco Zimmerling and Lothar Thiele},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3312480.3313173},

isbn = {978-1-4503-6693-9},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-04-01},

urldate = {2019-04-01},

address = {Montreal (Canada)},

organization = {ACM Workshop on Benchmarking Cyber-Physical Systems and Internet of Things (CPS-IoTBench - part of CPS-IoT Week)},

abstract = {Making experimental research on low-power wireless networking repeatable, reproducible, and comparable is a long overdue step that hinders a wide acceptance of this technology within the industry. In this paper, we start to fill this gap by proposing and applying a well-defined methodology that specifies how to plan and execute experiments, as well as how to report their results. We further discuss potential definitions for repeatability, replicability, and reproducibility in the context of low-power wireless networking.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {workshop}

}

@workshop{8845199,

title = {Walker: DevOps Inspired Workflow for Experimentation},

author = {Mikołaj Chwalisz and Kai Geissdoerfer and Adam Wolisz},

doi = {10.1109/INFCOMW.2019.8845199},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-04-01},

pages = {277-282},

organization = {IEEE INFOCOM 2019 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {workshop}

}

@workshop{Baumann2018,

title = {Evaluating Low-Power Wireless Cyber-Physical Systems},

author = {Dominik Baumann and Fabian Mager and Harsoveet Singh and Marco Zimmerling and Sebastian Trimpe},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/CPSBench.2018.00009},

isbn = {978-1-5386-6743-9},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-04-02},

urldate = {2018-04-02},

address = {Porto (Portugal)},

organization = {In Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Benchmarking Cyber-Physical Networks and Systems},

abstract = {Simulation tools and testbeds have been proposed to assess the performance of control designs and wireless protocols in isolation. A cyber-physical system (CPS), however, integrates control with network elements, which must be evaluated together under real-world conditions to assess control performance, stability, and associated costs. We present an approach to evaluate CPS relying on embedded devices and low-power wireless technology. Using one or multiple inverted pendulums as physical system, our approach supports a spectrum of realistic CPS scenarios that impose different requirements onto the control and networking elements. Moreover, our approach allows one to flexibly combine simulated and real pendulums, promoting adoption, scalability, repeatability, and integration with existing wireless testbed infrastructures. A case study demonstrates implementation, execution, and measurements using the proposed evaluation approach.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {workshop}

}

@workshop{Boano2018,

title = {IoTBench: Towards a Benchmark for Low-power Wireless Networking},

author = {Carlo Alberto Boano and Simon Duquennoy and Anna Förster and Omprakash Gnawali and Romain Jacob and Hyung-Sin Kim and Olaf Landsiedel and Ramona Marfievici and Luca Mottola and Gian Pietro Picco and Xavier Vilajosana and Thomas Watteyne and Marco Zimmerling},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/CPSBench.2018.00013},

isbn = {978-1-5386-6743-9},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-04-02},

urldate = {2018-04-02},

address = {Porto (Portugal)},

organization = {In Proceedings of the 1st IEEE Workshop on Benchmarking Cyber-Physical Networks and Systems},

howpublished = {Proceedings of the 1st IEEE Workshop on Benchmarking Cyber-Physical Networks and Systems (CPSBench—part of CPS Week)},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {workshop}

}